An Extended Linder Model of International Trade
针对要素禀赋理论无法解释产业内贸易和相似国家间贸易的问题，本文基于地理产品差异化提出一个以市场同质性为基础的贸易模型，并扩展林德模型以纳入商品层级流动。
The inability of factor endowment theory to explain either intraindustry trade or trade between countries with similar factor endowments leads many trade analysts to focus on demand, rather than supply, as the basis for trade. The theory of differentiated markets, for example, frequently is extended to the analysis of international trade. A model is presented based on geographical product differentiation which directly focuses upon trade as market interactions. The model defines market homogeneity across national boundaries as the basis for international trade. As international markets approach homogeneity, their trade intensity simply becomes a function of distance. According to Linder, international trade caused by market homogeneity but limited by distance is the same thing as intraregional trade. Linder's model, however, does not incorporate the hierarchical flow of goods that is a common feature of trade within a region. This paper extends the Linder model so as to incorporate hierarchical flow, and ...