The “Internationalization” of the Japanese Economy
探讨日本经济为何封闭以及近年开放的努力，反驳文化是贸易壁垒的观点，指出政府政策是主要障碍，并比较日本资本主义发展型国家与美国监管型国家。
Foreign businesspeople have experienced difficulty in selling to or investing in the Japanese market. Often, they explain their frustration in terms of Japan's allegedly “closed” economy. This article explores why and how Japan's economy was closed and details efforts made in recent years to open it. It rejects the argument that Japan's culture is itself a nontariff barrier to trade and instead argues that Japanese government policy has been the main barrier. Underlying this analysis is a comparison of the Japanese capitalist developmental state and the American regulatory state.