R&D and Competition in England and the United States: The Case of the Aluminum Dirigible
比较了英国维克斯和美国阿尔科公司在借用德国飞艇技术后的不同表现，指出企业层面整合研发能力对技术吸收和产业发展的关键作用，适合关注研发组织与竞争战略的读者。
This historical comparison of the Vickers and Alcoa experiences with “borrowed” German airship technology highlights the importance of studying the way industrial R&D has been organized, both within industries and inside individual companies. Professor Graham shows that Alcoa's move in 1919 to organize its corporate Technical Department to include balanced research and development capabilities allowed it not only to appropriate Duralumin technology, but also to build on that technology so that it could be used to supply the infant U.S. airframe industry. Lacking such integrated R&D at the corporate level, Vickers obtained only short–term financial returns on its investment in Duralumin expertise. This article suggests that the differences in exploitation of high–strength aluminum derived partly from different national climates for R&D in the United States and England after the First World War.