The Role of Sampling Weights When Modeling Survey Data
本文综述了在调查数据分析中是否以及如何使用抽样权重的问题，比较了六种加权推断方法，帮助研究者判断何时需要加权以应对非随机抽样或模型设定错误。
Summary The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical survey of the literature, directed at answering two main questions. i) Can the use of the sampling weights be justified for analytic inference about model parameters and if so, under what circumstances? ii) Can guidelines be developed for how to incorporate the weights in the analysis? The general conclusion of this study is that the weights can be used to test and protect against informative sampling designs and against misspecification of the model holding in the population. Six approaches for incorporating the weights in the inference process are considered. The first four approaches are intended to yield design consistent estimators for corresponding descriptive population quantities of the model parameters. The other two