34 Determinants of health, work ability and sickness absence: the influence of lifestyle, work-related factors, and work engagement
研究基于612名员工6个月的纵向数据，发现低工作投入、缺乏剧烈运动、肥胖和不良工作姿势会显著增加健康不佳、工作能力下降和病假的风险，且生活方式与工作投入对工作能力有协同作用。
<h3>Objectives</h3> To identify the role of lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and work engagement on health, work ability, and sickness absence. <h3>Methods</h3> Employees from two companies were invited to participate in a longitudinal study with questionnaires at baseline and six-month follow-up (n = 612, response: 40%). Lifestyle-related factors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, body mass index), work-related factors (work demands, decision authority, skill discretion, physical job demands), and work engagement were assessed at baseline. At six-month follow-up, health, work ability, and sickness absence were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of ill health, low work ability, and sickness absence. Additionally, additive interaction analyses were performed. <h3>Results</h3> A low work engagement at baseline was associated with ill health (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.04–3.92) less than good work ability (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 2.01–6.12), and sickness absence (short: OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02–2.23, long: OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.99–3.24) at follow-up. A lack of vigorous physical activity (ORs 2.46–2.96) and obesity (ORs: 2.34–3.02) at baseline were associated with ill health, low work ability, and long-term sickness absence at follow-up. Frequently working in awkward postures (ORs: 4.85–5.25) was related with a low work ability and long-term sickness absence. Unhealthy lifestyle and unfavourable physical work-related factors were associated with a low work engagement at baseline. The interaction effects of lifestyle or work-related factors and work engagement on work ability were stronger than the sum of the single effects. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study indicates that a low work engagement predicts ill health, a reduced work ability, and sickness absence. Furthermore, employees with an unhealthy lifestyle or unfavourable working conditions a low work engagement have a higher risk on a low work ability than their engaged colleagues. Hence, programs in occupational health should pay attention to both getting employees positively engaged in work and healthy in order to promote a productive work force.