Promotional Expenditures in Congressional Elections: Turnout, Political Action Committees and Asymmetry Effects
本研究复制并扩展了Soley和Reid（1982）及Siomkos和Ghosh（1986）的研究，发现现任身份和促销支出是国会候选人得票的重要决定因素，政治行动委员会捐款对得票有显著正向影响，但未发现支出与投票率相关。
Abstract This study replicates and extends the research of Soley and Reid (1982) and Siomkos and Ghosh (1986). The findings suggest that incumbency and promotional expenditures are important determinants of the votes received by congressional candidates. The study also found evidence of the “coat-tail” effect, but no evidence that spending and voter turnout are related. Finally, this research demonstrates that Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions have a significant and positive effect on the number of votes that candidates receive.