Religion and the Rise of Liberal-Democratic Ideology in 17th-Century England
挑战了自由民主意识形态源于新教伦理的经典观点，通过分析17世纪英格兰的宗教冲突与激进主义，提出新意识形态的倡导者摒弃清教传统，采纳自然神论以支持多元与宽容，并解释了意识形态体系变迁的机制。
In classical and contemporary sociology, key elements of liberal-democratic ideology are seen as secular extensions of Protestant ideas. This case study provides a different analysis that emphasizes the problem of religious conflict and radicalism in early liberal-democratic ideology. Proponents of the new ideology rejected key tenets of their Puritan heritage, adopting deistic beliefs that legitimated pluralism and tolerance and opposed the older Puritan ideal of godly politics. Building on recent work in the sociology of culture, the paper outlines an analytic strategy for explaining change in ideological systems. Ideological change emerges out of the interaction of contextual pressures and intellectual precedents, as a collective response by ideological innovators to problems of authority. The analysis in this study shows how historical events can form an episodic context which structures this problem of authority.