The Nature of Product Life Cycles for Industrial Goods Businesses
研究了1000多家工业企业的市场结构、绩效和策略，发现产品生命周期不仅体现在市场增长率上，还体现在市场创新、集中度、竞争进入以及研发和营销支出等变量上。
This study examined the market structures, performance, and strategies of over 1000 industrial businesses to determine whether and to what extent product life cycle forces were at work. The findings indicated that the growth rates of industrial product-markets are but one aspect of the product life cycle. Other variables exhibiting life cycle behavior included market innovation, market concentration, competitive entry, and spending on R & D and marketing.