Government Old-Age Support and Labor Supply: Evidence from the Old Age Assistance Program
利用1940年美国人口普查数据和各州老年援助计划差异，研究发现该计划使65-74岁男性劳动参与率下降8.5个百分点，占1930-1940年降幅的一半以上，但对收入征税的福利成本较小。
Many government programs transfer resources to older people and implicitly or explicitly tax their labor. We shed new light on the labor supply and welfare effects of such programs by investigating the Old Age Assistance Program (OAA). Exploiting the large differences in OAA programs across states and Census data on the entire US population in 1940, we find that OAA reduced the labor force participation rate among men aged 65–74 by 8.5 percentage points, more than one-half of its 1930–1940 decline, but that OAA’s implicit taxation of earnings imposed only small welfare costs on recipients.