Health risk assessment of N, N-dimethylformamide in artificial leather factory
研究评估了人造革工厂工人接触N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的健康风险，发现尽管暴露浓度符合现行标准，但多数工人的风险指数超过安全阈值，提示长期暴露可能损害肝脏和肺部。
<h3>Objectives</h3> N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a common organic solvent massively used industrially. Exposure of DMF was reported to cause liver function damages and adverse health effects. DMF exposures in workplaces have been of great concern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess health risk due to occupational exposures to DMF in artificial leather industry. <h3>Methods</h3> Personal samples at pre-shift and post-shift were collected to assess exposures for each individual study subject in artificial leather factories in this study. Air-monitoring samples were collected through SKC 226-01 coconut charcoal sorbent tubes, and followed by determination of DMF concentrations with Agilent 6890 GC-FID. Pre-shift and post-shift bio-monitoring samples were collected separately. Then urinary N-methylformamide (NMF) concentrations were determined by Agilent 6890 GC-FID. <h3>Results</h3> The personal DMF exposures were analysed, and all data complied with the current PELs. However, hazard indexes (HI) were assessed by using either the reference concentration (RfC) published by U.S. EPA IRIS database, or the RfC generated from Benchmark dose modeling an animal dataset by using BMD 2.1.1 version software. Eighty of the 106 study subjects with HI value greater than 1. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results demonstrate that long-term occupational DMF exposures may cause liver damages or other lung non-cancer effects although complied with the current regulations.