Expenditures, Services, and Public Management
本文研究政府支出与服务之间的关系，以及公共管理如何影响这一关系。通过文献回顾提出假设，并探讨管理政策含义，主张公共管理应超越改变生产者行为，延伸至调整消费者行为。
This paper is concerned with the spending-service relationship in government and with the impact of management on it. While service delivery is but one of government's functions, its management has become an increasingly important concern: slower growth in public money places a higher social premium on making the most of government resources; public choice theory challenges the core assumption of many academicians that public management can become more competitive; privatization, a policy derivative of public choice ideas, threatens the jobs of some practitioners. This paper begins with a review of the literature examining the relationship between public expenditure and service. The second section distills from that literature some working assumptions or hypotheses about the spending-service relationship. The managerial or policy implications of these assumptions are explored in the third section, which expands the domain of public management beyond altering producer behavior to include modifying consumer behavior. The fourth and concluding section contrasts this view of public management with the minimalist conception that emphasizes a limited domain of managerial influence owing to the political setting of public administration.