Executive Personnel Systems in the States
本文描述了美国各州行政人员制度的演变，特别是1963年加州率先建立该制度后，至1987年已有12个州实施，旨在扩充相关经验信息。
In 1963 California became the first state to institute an executive personnel system. The experience in the states since that time has been an evolving one; but the history of this movement has been given relatively little attention. The concept of an executive personnel system gained particular attention in 1955, with the publication of the Second Hoover Commission report recommending administrative reforms in the national government. At that time a Senior Civil Service was proposed. I It was to be small, generalist, and highly mobile. Great emphasis was placed on the recruitment of top quality people and their utilization where most needed within the national government. The proposition encountered a veritable buzz saw in Congress. In effect, such an elite corps was considered un-American, and an appropriations rider killed even limited attempts by the Eisenhower Administration to fashion a system within existing authorities.2 Twenty-three years later, the U.S. government established its Senior Executive Service, an event which has overshadowed the experience of the states with executive personnel systems. Yet four states (California, Minnesota, Oregon, and Wisconsin) preceded the national government in providing separate status to upper level officials. By 1987 the number had grown to 12, with new systems having been authorized in New Jersey and Tennessee in 1986. This study is concerned with the nature of these systems. Its purpose is primarily descriptive, namely to expand the base of information about experience in the states.