A Model for Workers' Compensation Group Sell Insurance: The Delaware Valley School Districts Plan
介绍了宾夕法尼亚州东南部19个学区组成的工伤赔偿自保池，解释了选择这一风险管理工具的原因、计划设计及精算方法，并探讨了监管障碍和未来潜力。
This article describes a workers' compensation self-insurance pool developed by nineteen school districts in southeastern Pennsylvania. It explains why this relatively new risk management tool was chosen, how the program was designed, and the actuarial methodologies applied to ensure the plan's solvency. Associations of this type have been formed only in selected states, due primarily to regulatory constraints. The regulatory issue is examined, and the future potential for this risk management tool is discussed. The spiraling increases in workers' compensation insurance premiums that have occurred in the past decade have caused corporations, municipalities, and other governmental units to view self-insurance as a viable alternative to the purchase of workers' compensation insurance. Several published works [1, 8, 9, 17, 18] have presented impressive arguments for the possible advantages of self-insuring the workers' compensation risk and have detailed the necessary prerequisites for a successful program. A new approach, still in its infancy, is group self-insurance, or pooling. Pools have been formed in both the public and private sectors. Public pools have usually consisted of cities, counties, or school districts which have joined together to provide self-insurance for their members. Wander [119] provides a summary of thirteen of these groups formed between 1974 and 1979. In the private sector, groups usually have developed throgh trade associations. Florida has been a leader in this area, with seventeen separate groups in existnce as of 1979 [6]. The major impediment to the growth of self-insurance pools has been the lack of enabling legislation. Most state laws either have been silent on the issue of pooling or have specifically ruled it to be illegal. With recent pressure Barry D. Smith, Ph.D., CPCU, CLU, FLMI, is currently Assistant Professor of Insurance at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. The author wishes to thank the nineteen member school districts of the Delaware Valley Workers' Compensation Self-Insurance Association for their cooperation and Sandy Palley and Dexter Gresh of Pally Simon Associates, Jenkintown, PA, plan administrators and originators of the plan concepts. 'The author has recently conducted a survey of all state insurance departments [ 16]. As of early 1981, 18 states indicated that group workers' compensation self-insurance was allowed by statute. This group included: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia. In other states, isolated groups may have formed without enabling legislation.