Rethinking Macrosociological Theory
批评宏观社会学理论长期缺乏严谨性，提出理论必须可证伪、概念操作化、纳入生物与环境常量、并构建多层理论，以推动学科进步。
Macrosociologists have too long been complacent about the state and quality of their theory. If macrosociological theory is to progress, and not merely proliferate, several major changes are needed in the way theory is usually formulated. Above all, theories must become falsifiable. This will require that key concepts be stated in an operationally unambiguous manner and that relationships among variables also be specified unambiguously. In addition, theories ought explicitly to incorporate biological and environmental constants and not leave them implicit or ignore them, as is too often the case. Finally, theories should be multilayered, with a general theory employing a covering principle to identify a key variable or variables on which a series of derivative special theories can be based. Above all, theory construction requires greater rigor and discipline than is currently the norm.