The Growing Localness of the Global City
研究发现，大都市区经济活动中服务本地市场的份额在增长，而面向全国市场的制造业份额下降，这对地方经济发展政策有重要启示。
An increasing share of economic activity in large metropolitan areas serves local markets. For such areas, other researchers have demonstrated the rising importance of internationally oriented activities. These findings are not necessarily contradictory. The shares of both local and internationally oriented activities have grown at the expense of manufacturing production oriented to national markets. Even allowing for the expansion of traded producer services in global cities and other large metropolitan areas, the decline of manufacturing and the continuing expansion of consumer services imply a growing local share. This proposition is supported by using a minimum requirements approach to measuring changes in the local share for large metropolitan areas. The basic data are for payroll by two-digit industries in U.S. metropolitan areas with more than one million people for 1969, 1979, and 1989. Important implications for public policy center on the use of the nonmobile, local sector to advance local economic development goals. Such policies, if successful, will yield gains not only to the local labor force, but also to locally oriented businesses.