Output, national income, and expenditure: an input–output table of Germany in 1936
本文构建了1936年德国最早的投入产出表，涵盖40个经济部门，基于原始统计数据，为GDP提供了新基准，并发现军备工业存在异常高收入和隐性利润，可用于重新评估军事支出对就业和生产的影响。
We here present the earliest input -output table of Germany: It covers forty economic branches, five final demand categories, and five primary inputs. The symmetric table for 1936 is completely based on original statistical data and does not rely on separate supply and use tables. The core of our endeavor is based on the German industrial census of 1936. The input -output table offers a new benchmark for gross domestic product (GDP) and thus production, income, and expenditure of Germany in 1936. We found a comparably high level of GDP and a significantly higher mixed income/operating surplus, which hints at exceptionally high incomes and hidden profits of armament industry. We illustrate the use of the new input -output table for German historical national accounts and apply our findings to reassess the impact of military spending on employment and production.