Opportunity and the Minority Middle Class: A Comparison of Blacks in the United States and Catholics in Northern Ireland
研究发现少数族裔的居住隔离在其劳动力市场中创造了中产阶级利基，这些中产阶级职位多集中于社区服务，而非管理和生产岗位，美国黑人与北爱尔兰天主教徒的模式相似。
The residential segregation of minorities creates middle class niches within an otherwise disadvantaged labor market. The middle-class employment that arises in this ecology is distinct from the middle class of majority groups. It is composed of many community service positions and few positions in management and goods production. This pattern holds for both blacks in the United States and Catholics in Northern Ireland. The growth of the black middle class during the 1960s and 1970s included an increase in middle-class employment in professions not tied to community service. The patterns of internal stratification and middle-class recruitment within the black and Catholic minority groups are very similar, despite the different historical, economic, and cultural contexts of discrimination in the United States and Northern Ireland.