Robust Measures of Consumer Brand Beliefs
研究了三种测量消费者对竞争品牌属性信念的方法（自由选择、量表评分和排序），发现它们在每个属性维度上对品牌的相对定位一致，且品牌使用频率或近期使用情况的影响在三种方法中均存在。
Three measures of consumers’ beliefs about different attributes of competitive brands of packaged goods—free choice, scaling, and ranking—are found to place the brands in the same relative positions on each attribute dimension. In addition, gradients by the recency or frequency of claimed brand usage that have been observed previously in free-choice belief data now are found also in the scaling and ranking data.