Latent ischemic heart disease in sea captains.
对110名挪威远洋船长进行近最大负荷自行车运动测试，发现10%存在病理性运动心电图，显著高于奥斯陆男性对照组（4.6%），且与血脂、血压等传统因素无关，提示吸烟、高热量摄入及职业压力可能是高危因素。
For 110 apparently healthy Norwegian captains on ocean-going ships a near maximal bicycle exercise test revealed a pathological exercise electrocardiogram for 10.0%, while the corresponding results for a comparable group of Oslo men and a group of Norwegian sea pilots were 4.6 and 11.8%, respectively. The significant difference in prevalence between the captains and Oslo men could not be explained by differences in serum lipids, blood pressure, or a family history of coronary heart disease. The captains were taller and more physically fit than the Oslo men, but they were significantly heavier and had a more rapid age decline in physical performance capacity and a higher prevalence of heavy smokers. Ten of the 11 captains with a pathological exercise electrocardiogram were, or had been, heavy smokers (greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes/d). A high caloric intake in relation to caloric expenditure, heavy smoking, and poorly defined factors such as stress, irregular workhours, and varying climatic conditions are factors to be considered as explanations for these findings. The claim by captains that they have a higher risk than average for developing coronary heart disease was to some extent corroborated in the present study.