The Origins of Industrial Labor Management in France: The Case of the Decazeville Ironworks during the July Monarchy
研究了七月王朝时期法国德卡兹维尔钢铁厂中董事会、地方经理与客户关系如何影响劳动管理，以及经理如何通过改革加强监督。
The foundries and forges of Decazeville were among the most important in France during the July Monarchy. Extensive company correspondence reveals that the nature of relations between the board of directors and the local managers, and between the firm and its clients, were important factors in shaping the tenor of labor relations at Decazeville. The interference of the board and clients limited the manager's authority over his subordinates. Once freed from this, the manager reformed the administration of labor at Decazeville. He tested the allegiance of his foremen to the company and emphasized to them the importance, when paying by piece-rate, of going beyond inspection of the completed products to supervision of the work as it was being done.