Japanese-Style Management in America
定义了日式管理，并考察了其在美国日资工厂的实施程度，探讨了终身雇佣制及日本文化的影响，指出日式管理成功的关键在于经济上可行地培训和留住内部晋升型工人，这对高附加值制造和先进服务业尤为重要。
This article defines what is meant by Japanese-style management and explores the degree to which it has been implemented in Japanese-owned and operated factories in the United States. It examines the Japanese practice of lifetime employment and the degree to which Japanese-style management reflects Japanese culture. A key to the success of Japanese managerial methods in the U.S. is that they make it economically feasible to train and retain the internal-promotion-type worker. This type of worker is more important for high value-added manufacturing and advanced services than either skilled or unskilled labor.