Problem-Solving Strategies of Local Areas in the Metropolis
研究大都市中地方区域解决问题的两种方式：使用的制度性代表手段及其有效性。基于西雅图大都市区20个地方区域的调查，发现居民认为邻居、社区俱乐部和政府等代表手段重要性相当，而社区俱乐部在命名清晰、住宅用地同质的区域更受认可。
This paper investigates two aspects of how local areas in the metropolis deal with their problems-the institutional means of representation which are used and the effectiveness of those means. In the Seattle metropolitan region, residents of 20 different local areas recognize three different means as relatively equal in importance. These include neighbors, community clubs, and representatives of the society's authority structure such as government. Across communities, reliance on neighbors and the authority structure seems to be a functional alternative to dependence on community clubs as problem-solving institutions. What we believe to be the relatively strong forms of representation-community clubs-are especially recognized in parts of the metropolis with clear name definitions and homogeneous residential land use. Rated effectiveness of institutions seems to be more similar across communities than the means of representation; it is more directly related to the wealth of the area and the types of social issues faced by the community.