Technological Pioneering and Competitive Advantage: The Birth of the VCR Industry
研究了六家美日企业在录像机技术开发中的先驱行为，发现三家日本企业因管理实践而非国家竞争力差异成为最终赢家。
This article examines a significant example of technological pioneering-the development of an emerging technology in pursuit of future comercial opportunity. In this case, the pioneer's efforts resulted in the birth of a major industry, the manufacture of videocassette recorders for the mass consumer market. The authors compare the actions of six firms that were pioneers in the development of this technology-two in the U.S. and four in Japan. Three firms-all Japanese-emerged in the late 1970s as the big winners in the growth of this new industry. However, this is not another case in which international differences in competitiveness were decisive. The real success story lies in the management practices of three pioneers, who just happened to be Japanese.