J. & P. Coats in Tsarist Russia, 1889–1917
研究了英国棉线跨国公司J. & P. Coats在1889年至1917年俄国革命期间的活动，其通过合资和收购在俄设厂以规避关税，并采用集中管理，最终占据约90%的国内市场份额。
This article explores the activities in Russia, between 1889 and the Revolution of 1917, of J. & P. Coats, the British multinational firm that manufactured cotton thread. The main motive for Coats's local manufacturing in Russia was to avoid import duties. Manufacturing facilities were secured by means of a joint venture and acquisitions in St. Petersburg, Riga and Lodz. The Russian business was under the full control of the headquarters in Paisley, U.K., and this policy contrasts with the more decentralized management style preferred by many other British multinationals of the day. Despite the unstable political situation in Russia, Coats's mills performed better than their competitors, and accounted for some 90 percent of the national demand by the time they were confiscated in 1917.