Representative Bureaucracy and School Discipline
研究了地方社区的种族背景如何影响公立学校纪律政策的分配，发现种族隔离程度高的学区更倾向于使用惩罚性措施，尤其在非裔学生多的学校，且种族背景会调节官僚从被动代表到主动代表的转变。
This article examines whether the racial context within local communities influences the assignment of disciplinary policies in public schools. First, we consider whether different policies may be assigned to similar target groups across varying racial contexts. Then, we consider whether the racial context moderates the transition from passive representation to active representation among bureaucrats. We draw from two theories of intergroup relations—group contact theory and group threat theory—to help explain the passive-to-active representation link. Using a sample of Georgia public schools, we find that schools rely more on more punitive disciplinary measures in school districts characterized by greater segregation and that this occurs especially among schools with sizable African American student populations. We also find that active representation appears to occur more often in segregated environments, perhaps because of the greater salience of race within these communities.