Just Luck: An Experimental Study of Risk-Taking and Fairness
通过实验研究人们对风险承担中的公平看法，发现多数人既关注事前机会也支持事后再分配，并区分运气和选择导致的收入不平等。
Choices involving risk significantly affect the distribution of income and wealth in society. This paper reports the results of the first experiment, to our knowledge, to study fairness views about risk-taking, specifically whether such views are based chiefly on ex ante opportunities or on ex post outcomes. We find that, even though many participants focus exclusively on ex ante opportunities, most favor some redistribution ex post. Many participants also make a distinction between ex post inequalities that reflect differences in luck and ex post inequalities that reflect differences in choices. These findings apply to both stakeholders and impartial spectators.