Balancing public goods in agriculture through safe minimum standards
研究了当公共物品之间存在冲突或互补关系时，如何通过安全最低标准来平衡农业中的多种公共物品，并以挪威农业为例模拟了政策效果。
We develop a general framework in which public goods are conflicting (complementary) if an increase in the provision of one public good raises (lowers) the marginal cost of providing another public good. The framework is used to analyse the policy implications of maintaining safe minimum standards (SMSs) for two public goods. The comparative-static results are illustrated using a sector model for Norwegian agriculture in which the SMSs for food security, agrobiodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions are modelled as constraints. The simulations show that even if public goods are conflicting, better-targeted policies can achieve SMSs at lower social costs.