Cellular Automaton Model with Dynamical 2D Speed-Gap Relation
改进了基于刹车灯模型的元胞自动机交通流模型，通过引入大于1秒的期望时间间距，使车辆状态在速度-间距平面上动态覆盖二维区域，成功复现了自由流、同步流、宽运动堵塞及三者间的转换，并拟合了NGSIM实测数据。
This paper proposes an improved cellular automaton traffic flow model based on the brake light model, taking into account that the desired time gap of vehicles is larger than one second. Although the hypothetical steady state of vehicles in the deterministic limit corresponds to a unique relationship between speeds and gaps in the proposed model, the traffic states of vehicles dynamically span a two-dimensional region in the plane of speed versus gap, due to the various randomizations. We show that our model reproduces (i) the free flow, synchronized flow, wide moving jams, as well as transitions among the three phases; (ii) the evolution features of disturbances and the spatiotemporal patterns in a car-following platoon; (iii) the empirical time series of traffic speed obtained from Next Generation Simulation data. Furthermore, the basic feature of time headway distribution is also qualitatively reproduced. Therefore, we argue that a model has the potential to reproduce the empirical and experimental features of traffic flow, provided that the traffic states can dynamically span a 2D speed-gap region.