Redundant, Overlapping Organization: A Japanese Approach to Managing the Innovation Process
提出信息冗余概念，指组织内共享超出必要范围的信息，认为这是日本企业实现创新过程的关键特征，对研究创新管理和知识创造的学者有参考价值。
Innovation is not simply accepting a given problem or task and solving it in a methodical, reductionist manner. Rather, innovation is an and knowledgecreative process that is realized through the generation and definition of the problem or task to be solved. Research on the innovation process in Japanese organizations has shown that these and knowledge-creating characteristics are, to a large degree, a product of what can be termed information redundancy. Information redundancy refers to a condition where various types of excess or supplemental are shared among a group in addition to the minimal amount of requisite each individual, department, or organization holds as necessary to perform assigned, specialized functions.