Welfare‐increasing third‐degree price discrimination
当不同市场的需求函数来自仅均值不同的保留价格分布时，第三级价格歧视可能提高总产出和总福利；例如在逻辑斯蒂分布和帕累托分布下，歧视比统一定价带来更高福利。
When demand functions in different markets are derived from distributions of reservation prices that differ only in their means, conditions exist such that third‐degree price discrimination leads to greater total output and greater total welfare. Welfare is higher with discrimination than with a uniform price when demand functions are derived from logistic distributions with different means. Welfare and consumer surplus are higher with discrimination for demands derived from a distribution related to the Pareto. In general, whether discrimination increases total output depends on demand being more convex in markets in which prices fall with discrimination than in those in which prices rise.