Predation, Protection, and Productivity: A Firm-Level Perspective
研究了企业为防范掠夺而部署保护性劳动力（guard labor）对生产率的影响，利用144国企业调查数据估计了劳动力错配导致的产出损失，发现保护投入造成的损失显著，且国家层面的保护模式对总产出损失有深远影响。
This paper studies the consequences of predation when firms deploy guard labor as a means of protecting themselves. We build a simple model and combine it with data for 144 countries from the World Bank enterprise surveys, which ask about firm-level experiences with predation and spending on protection. We use the model to estimate the output loss caused by the misallocation of labor across firms and from production to protection. The loss due to protection effort is substantial and patterns of state protection at the micro level can have a profound impact on aggregate output losses. Various extensions are discussed.