Population adaptation with newcomers and incumbents: The effects of the organizational niche
整合组织生态学的三个理论片段，用符号逻辑扩展了惯性理论与红皇后竞争理论的模型，加入时间生态位理论，区分了环境变化的质与量以及基于效果和效率的组织适应方式。
The article integrates three theory fragments of organizational ecology using symbolic logic. It takes an earlier model that aligned inertia theory with Red Queen competition theory as a departure point and extends this model with temporal niche theory effects. The conflicting predictions between earlier and new theory phases are reconciled by applying the knowledge-updating feature of non-monotonic logic. The results indicate a rationale for discriminating between qualitative and quantitative aspects of environmental change, and also for telling apart ways of organizational adaptation based on effectiveness and efficiency.