Bourdieu and the gendered social structure of working time: A study of self-employed human resources professionals
运用布迪厄社会学理论，分析25位英国自雇人力资源专业人士的访谈数据，揭示工作时间的社会结构如何导致性别不平等，资源较少的自雇者（多为女性）在时间同步中处于劣势。
This article uses the sociology of Bourdieu to explore the social structure of working time and uses this approach to analyse interview data from 25 self-employed human resources professionals practicing in the UK. Bourdieu’s approach to exploring resources, as forms of capital that are deployed strategically by actors within social fields, is used to compare outcomes for respondents with different working time patterns. The findings demonstrate that self-employed professionals’ uses of resources are affected by distinctive and gendered temporal rhythms within and between social fields. These temporal patterns typically serve the interests of well-resourced (more typically male) actors who structure their lives according to specific routines. Self-employed people with less working time often struggle to synchronize their lives with their environments and so are often at a disadvantage in accessing and using resources. The analysis, which develops novel propositions about the ways in which actors become differentially adapted to the social structure of time, facilitates a more fine-grained and relational appreciation of gendered advantages within self-employed careers, which is likely to have wider applicability and the potential for broader impact.