BIG-CCA: Beacon-Less, Infrastructure-Less, and GPS-Less Cooperative Collision Avoidance Based on Vehicular Sensor Networks
提出一种无信标、无基础设施、无GPS的协作碰撞避免框架，利用车载传感器网络防止追尾事故，通过分布式分组和接收者转发机制降低信令开销，经数学分析和仿真验证性能优于现有方法。
This paper proposes a lane-level beacon-less, infrastructure-less, and GPS-less cooperative collision avoidance (BIG-CCA) framework for preventing rear-end collisions. The BIG-CCA framework applies vehicular sensor networks to prevent chain vehicle collisions, which are common road accidents that occur when vehicles make sudden stops. BIG-CCA enables vehicles equipped with only onboard sensors to prevent such accidents. Based on extensive research, BIG-CCA is the first lane-level CCA solution that provides the following features: 1) BIG-CCA does not maintain a list of neighboring vehicles through beacons and, thus, the overall signaling overhead can be reduced to conserve bandwidth; 2) BIG-CCA does not use the GPS positions of vehicles to facilitate collision avoidance and, thus, the inaccuracy and unavailability of a GPS can be avoided; and 3) BIG-CCA does not rely on costly roadside infrastructures but employs only vehicle-to-vehicle communications to form warning groups for vehicles driving along in the same lane. BIG-CCA consists of a distributed grouping mechanism and a receiver-based forwarding scheme. Vehicles join or leave a warning group through only single-hop transmissions with the low overhead of group maintenance. When sudden braking occurs in a warning group, the proposed receiver-based forwarding scheme can specify a single forwarder without message contention. The performance of BIG-CCA is evaluated by conducting mathematical analysis and computer simulations, which outperform existing methods. An Android-based prototype is also implemented to verify the feasibility of BIG-CCA.