A manifesto for the widening of internalisation theory, being a reply to Hillemann and Verbeke
这篇论文回应评论，提出将内部化理论的应用范围从市场交易扩展到非市场交易、非市场行为者，并纳入公平、可持续性和合法性等福利标准，以增强比较制度分析。
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the purview of internalisation theory in understanding the global allocation of resources in different institutional contexts. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical extensions of internalisation theory are proposed in response to a comment. Findings The traditional focus of internalisation theory can be extended beyond the normal market exchange context, first, by expanding the range of transactions; second, by including non-market actors; and third, by expanding the relevant welfare criteria. Originality/value Comparative institutional analysis is enhanced by expanding the consideration of the range of intermediate goods that are traded, the potential providers examined and extending the criteria of assessment beyond efficiency to include equity, sustainability and legitimacy. These extensions add value to the internalisation theory.