Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification
利用德国41年分裂作为自然实验，发现东德性别平等制度塑造了消解男性养家规范的文化，使东德女性在收入、家务分工、婚姻稳定和劳动参与方面仍与西德存在显著差异。
Abstract Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the German Democratic Republic’s gender-equal institutions created a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still differs from West Germany not only because of its higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can earn more than their husbands without having to increase their number of housework hours, put their marriage at risk or withdraw from the labour market. By contrast, the norm of higher male income, and its consequences, are still prevalent in West Germany.