A model of firm heterogeneity in factor intensities and international trade
研究发现，贸易自由化通过加剧对熟练劳动力的竞争，导致部分熟练劳动力密集型企业退出，同时资源向出口企业重新配置，从而削弱了贸易自由化对全要素生产率和实际收入的正面影响。
Abstract Empirical evidence suggests that exporters are, in addition to being more productive, significantly more skilled‐labour intensive than non‐exporters. In a setting that captures both these features, we show that the firm selection induced by trade liberalization works along two dimensions. First, export growth increases competition for skilled labour. This leads to the exit of some of the skilled‐labour intensive firms, while benefitting unskilled‐labour intensive ones. Second, within the group of firms with the same factor intensities, the reallocation of factors is towards the exporters. We show that the increased competition for skilled labour dampens the positive effect of trade liberalization on sector‐wide TFP and real income.