Public Versus Secret Voting in Committees
研究委员会中投票透明度对决策的影响，发现公开投票能减弱有能力的成员的偏见，秘密投票则减弱无能力的成员的偏见，且公开投票在偏见较大时更优。
Abstract We study the effect of transparency of individual votes in committees where members are heterogeneous in competence and bias, they are career-concerned, and they can abstain. We show that public voting attenuates the biases of competent members and secret voting attenuates the biases of incompetent members. Public voting leads to better decisions when the magnitude of the bias is large, while secret voting performs better otherwise. We present novel experimental evidence consistent with our theory.