GEMS Model Establishment and Application of Tourism Industry Cluster Competitiveness Measurement
改造传统GEM模型，加入社会环境因素建立GEMS模型，从基础、企业、营销、环境四维测度区域旅游集群竞争力，并以张家界和九寨沟为例验证其更全面客观。
Tourism industry belongs to modern service industry. Social environment has a profound impact on the industry development. GEM model has obvious advantage in comparison with diamond model, but it does not take social environment factors into account. After transformation of traditional GEM model, GEMS model was established from foundation, corporate, marketing, environment, four- dimensional perspective for measuring regional tourism cluster competitiveness. What's more, regional tourism cluster competitiveness in Zhangjiajie and Jiuzhaigou was measured respectively based on GEM and GEMS model. The study shows that measurement results based on GEMS is better comprehensive and objective. The results can provide valuable references to improve management decisions for relevant cluster departments and organizations.