Institutional Innovation, Operational Modes and Costs and Benefits of Human-Land Linking System under Urban-Rural Integration
分析了城乡建设用地增减挂钩向人地挂钩制度创新的动因、内涵与运行模式，评估了不同主体在行政配置、市场配置及混合模式下的成本效益，并提出了配套的社会支持体系。
As the development and improvement of balancing between the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, Human- land linking is the land management transformation from project management to the institutional innovation. Motivation of its institutional innovation comes from contradiction of institution supply and demand, which expressed as uncoupling of land urbanization and population urbanization, the deviation of land extensive use and economic output, Population carrying capacity, and land's space fusion and population's identity isolation.Analysis connotation, innovations and functions as macro and micro positioning, the elements flow, main bodies' right protection of Human- land linking institution. The institution's operation modes including administrative configuration mode of matching urbanization rate growth, market allocation mode of people moving with land and combination of market allocation and administrative intervention mode considering the temporal and spatial heterogeneity were put forward. Based on city new citizens, urban residents, ingoing ground enterprises, ingoing and out leaving different local governments and the central government, individual, social and political costs and benefits were evaluated. From the perspective of institutional structures, human- capital linking system, the social security system, legal system as land ownership and the informal system used to protect human-land linking system are pointed out. Social support systems as plans' leading, department coordination, technical support and process arrangements are proposed.