Observing Organizational Environments: A Systematic Approach for Information Analysts*
作者为信息分析师开发了一套系统观察组织内部环境的方法，以获取访谈和硬数据无法提供的信息。该方法借鉴电影批评中的场面调度分析框架，识别出影响组织决策的七个具体与抽象要素：办公室照明与色彩、办公室设计空间与位置、决策者着装、个体与群体决策、决策者能力、对多重目标的关注度以及决策者认知地图。这套系统框架替代了传统的直觉观察法，其优势在于帮助分析师分类、记录和解读通常处于潜意识层面的重要因素。
Information Analysts observe the elements of an organization in order to gain information unavailable through interviewing and the investigation of hard data. In the past the process of observation has been intuitive at best. This article describes and develops a systematic methodology for analyzing the internal organizational environment. The approach is based on a framework used in film criticism called mise-en-scène analysis. Seven major concrete and abstract elements which influence organizational decisions are identified: office lighting and color; office design, space, and location; clothing of decision makers; individual and group decision making; abilities of decision makers; attention to multiple objectives; and cognitive maps of decision makers. The systematic framework for observation developed in this article is an alternative to the common sense approach to observation. The major advantage of the mis-en-scène approach is that it allows the Information Analyst to classify, document, and interpret important factors which usually remain at the subconscious level.