Analysis on the Urban Development Efficiency of Cities at Prefecture Level or above in China Based on DEA-ESDA
利用DEA和ESDA方法，基于2001-2010年286个城市的数据，分析中国地级以上城市的发展效率、空间分布特征及驱动因素，发现效率较低且存在空间溢出效应。
This paper firstly establishes the evaluation index system of the urban development efficiency,which includes five input elements of land,capital,labor,science-education and signal communication and two output elements of the urban economic gross and profit.Based on the data from 286 cities through 2001 to 2010,the urban efficiencies of prefecture level or above in China and their changing trends during the period 2001~2010 are investigated using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis)model.It makes the cluster of these cities from the traditional perspective of the eastern,central and western regions in China and evaluates the urban development scale profit to discuss whether the ratio of input-output achieves the Pareto Optimality.Then it analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and discusses the spatial heterogeneity law of the urban development efficiency about these cities based on ESDA(Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis).Finally,it explores the temporal and spatial patterns of urban efficiency and explains the driving factors of the urban development efficiency.The results illustrate that the urban efficiency is relatively low,and only few metropolises were in DEA efficiencies.Spatial pattern of the urban development efficiency in China coincides with the spatial pattern of the economic development,city administrative level and scale level in China at present.Efficiency differences between the integrated cities and specialized cities significantly.The urban development efficiency not only exist the spatial dependence,there is also a strong spatial spillover effect among cities.The urban efficiency changing trends were decreasing during 2001~2010,in which they were all decreasing during the sub-period 2001~2005,and all increasing during the sub-period 2005~2010.Most cities are in a stage of increasing scale returns,and the main reasons for the relatively low urban efficiencies and their changing trends mainly lie in the insufficient scale investment.Location,resource endowments,industrial structure and policy factors are the main driving force of distribution and evolution pattern of China's urban efficiency.