The Innovation and Management of CoPS
本文分析了复杂产品与系统（CoPS）在产品、生产、创新过程和市场方面的独特特征，指出传统创新理论无法完全解释其创新和产业协调，并探讨了这些特征对企业创新管理和政府政策的启示。
The product characteristics , production characteristics , innovation processes and market characteristics of complex products and systems (CoPS) are different from mass production goods, traditional innovation theories could not explain the innovation characteristics as well as industrial coordination and evolution of CoPS perfectly. Those features have some implications on firm's management of innovation and government's policy. The project-based organization is an ideal form for managing CoPS. Promoting project capabilities through organizational learning and reinforcing coordination with users or operators are very important in acquiring and maintaining organizational competitive advantage. Government's intervention has direct influence on industrial competitive advantage in the world.