RESEARCH ON EXPECTANT EMPLOYMENT DISTANCE FOR FARMER IN RURAL AREA OF CENTRAL CHINA——A CASE STUDY FOR THREE SAMPLE VILLAGES IN HENAN PROVINCE
通过对河南三村的案例研究，发现农民预期就业距离整体分散、局部集中，主要集中于50公里以内和1000-2000公里，年龄、教育、家庭规模等因素显著影响选择，对理解农民就业流动规律有参考价值。
Expectant employment distance reflects the preference to decision-making of employment place for farmer.Studying on the issue is helpful to understand the flow trend and law of farmer employee at microcosmic level.Through the case study of three example villages in Henan province,we can draw the following conclusion.The expectant employment distance is scattered wholly and clustered partly.The concentrated distance is chiefly in 50km and 1 000—2 000km.The area within 50km is local and the area from 1 000 to 2 000km is the big city which has the developed industry.The pattern of expectant employment distance is much like the actual ones.The choice for expectant employment place has the characteristic of inertia.Because of the limitation for information and avoidance for migration risk,the farmers don’t choose the new place and new employer generally.Farmers preferred working in local place but 20 percent of the employees cannot help but work in other places in the country.So it is very important to develop the county economy and agricultural area.The chief reasons why farmers work in local places are to maintain the love of family member and utilize the original social resources,whereas in other places are to increase the income and live in big city for multiple life style.In the choice model of working distance,such factors as age,school age,family size,level of economic development,topography has reached significant level.Those who are older,or who are less educated or who have larger family size are more probable to choose local places for employment and vice versa.The farmer employee at the more economic developed villages or at more cragged terrain villages have larger probability to choose local for working,and vice versa.Reducing the family management cost and avoiding the risk of migration play the key role in choosing the employment place and the human capital maintains fundamental function.So,it is of great importance to promote the employee’s human capital,develop the social safeguard undertakings and reduce the risk of migration for the rational flow of labor force.The case study of the typical agricultural area of central China reveals the general law of expectant employment distance of farmers and its influence factors.The conclusion maintains some universality.But whether it can be used to other area and larger scale area needs to be studied further.