Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristic and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlement in the Loess Hilly Region—Take Qilihe District for Example
基于2002年和2012年遥感影像，分析了七里河区农村居民点的时空演变特征、驱动机制，并提出了城镇化、集群发展和迁移三种空间优化措施，适合研究农村聚落演变的学者参考。
Rural settlement is the living place of peasant household. Research on spatial pattern of rural settlement can provide practical significance for the achievement of urban and rural integration development and the promotion of new countryside construction. Based on Landsat7 ETM in 2002 and remote sensing image SPOT5 in 2012, this paper conducts in- depth discussions on rural settlement of Qilihe District from the four aspects of spatial- temporal evolution characteristic, process, mechanism and spatial pattern optimization of rural settlement through field interview and combining landscape patter analysis and GIS spatial analysis. The results indicate that: firstly, in the recent decade, rural settlement of the region has witnessed rapid development with increasing patch numbers and decreasing mean patch area.However, degree of development varies markedly in different regions. Settlement layout becomes increasingly intensive in the town center and the three valleys, and the general evolution trend showsfusion- migrationin space. Secondly,layout trend of rural settlement is obvious in flat topographyand, and along traffic and rivers. Terrain gradient is below3 rd class. The main gathering area of rural settlement is 1000 m distant from road or river. Meanwhile, cultivating radius of farmers and the development of central city have a significant impact on the evolution of rural settlement. Thirdly,there are many driving mechanism factors for spatial- temporal evolution of rural settlement of the region, such as urbanization, industrialization, agricultural industrialization, transformation of land management, change of farmer's livelihoods, implementation of policies and systems, etc. Lastly, combining the conditions of social economy, Population,natural environment and settlement layout, this paper put forwards three measures to regulate the optimization space pattern-the rationality of urbanization, cluster development and cluster migration.