The Fiscal Cost of Hurricanes: Disaster Aid versus Social Insurance
研究发现美国飓风导致受灾县在灾后十年内非灾害政府转移支付（如失业保险和公共医疗支出）大幅增加，其现值显著超过直接灾害援助，表明自然灾害的财政成本被严重低估。
Little is known about the fiscal costs of natural disasters, especially regarding social safety nets that do not specifically target extreme weather events. This paper shows that US hurricanes lead to substantial increases in non-disaster government transfers, such as unemployment insurance and public medical payments, in affected counties in the decade after a hurricane. The present value of this increase significantly exceeds that of direct disaster aid. This implies, among other things, that the fiscal costs of natural disasters have been significantly underestimated and that victims in developed countries are better insured against them than previously thought.