The influence of industrial policy and national systems of innovation on emerging economy suppliers’ learning capability
基于巴基斯坦50家汽车零部件供应商数据，研究发现产业政策虽有助于建立本地供应基础，但执行不力，本地供应商难以发展探索性和利用性学习能力；仅与外资企业网络联系不足以弥补本地研发培训的不足。
This paper links the industrial policy and national systems of innovation literature to the investigation of learning capabilities of suppliers in the context of the automotive parts industry of Pakistan. Drawing data from 50 Pakistani autoparts suppliers, the findings suggest that industrial policy has been helpful in creating a local parts supply base and facilitating the entry of Japanese assemblers in the market. However, the implementation of the policy has been weak, and it is an arduous journey for the local suppliers to develop ambidextrous (exploratory and exploitative) learning capabilities. The findings also indicate that where local training and support from R&D institutions are weak, networking alone with foreign multinationals is not sufficient on its own to develop exploratory learning capabilities of local suppliers. This paper shows the importance of creating national–provincial institutions offering learning and skills development aimed towards innovation.