Programming for Citizenship: The Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in El Salvador
审视萨尔瓦多有条件现金转移计划中促进公民身份的做法，发现对女性个人赋权影响最大，并解释了结果受地方政治历史、目标分歧和计划设计限制的影响。
State-sponsored social protection, while addressing social and economic rights in the concept of citizenship, has rarely engaged systematically with its promotion as a social good. This paper reviews El Salvador’s experience with ‘programming for citizenship’ in its Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programme. Citizenship was promoted through local representative structures, and non-formal education. Outcomes are explained by local political histories, divergent objectives, limited bandwidth in the context of complex programme management, and the structural confines of CCT programme design. Impacts on women’s personal empowerment were strongest. El Salvador’s experience provides lessons for CCT programmes aiming for transformational outcomes.