Global competition for scientific talent: evidence from location decisions of PhDs and postdocs in 16 countries
基于16个国家科学家的调查数据，分析外国出生的博士和博士后选择去美国还是其他国家培训的原因，发现项目声望和职业前景吸引他们来美国，而生活方式和福利则起阻碍作用。
We analyze the decisions of foreign-born PhD and postdoctoral trainees to come to the United States vs. go to another country for training. Data are drawn from the GlobSci survey of scientists in sixteen countries working in four fields. We find that individuals come to the U.S. to train because of the prestige of its programs and/or career prospects. They are discouraged from training in the United States because of the perceived lifestyle. The availability of exchange programs elsewhere discourages coming for PhD study; the relative unattractiveness of fringe benefits discourages coming for postdoctoral study. Countries that have been nibbling at the U.S.-PhD and postdoc share are Australia, Germany, and Switzerland; France and Great Britain have gained appeal in attracting postdocs, but not in attracting PhD students. Canada has made gains in neither.