Stigma and Risky Behaviors among Male Clients of Sex Workers in the UK
利用2001年英国全国性态度与生活方式调查数据，检验了态度、风险行为和个人特征对男性购买性服务需求的影响，发现教育（收入代理）有正向效应，职业地位（污名代理）有负向效应，所有风险行为变量均显著正向，而道德保守度变量不显著。
Building on existing theoretical work on sex markets, this study uses data from the 2001 British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) to replicate the analysis of the demand for paid sex. It formally tests the effects of attitudes, risky behaviors, and personal characteristics of a sample of men on the demand for paid sex. Previous theoretical work argues that stigma plays a fundamental role in determining both demand and risk, and in particular due to the presence of stigma, the demands for unpaid sex and for paid sex are not perfect substitutes. This study finds a positive effect of education (proxy for income), negative effects of professional status (proxies for stigma associated with buying sex), positive and significant effects of all risky behavior variables, and no significant effects of variables that measure the relative degree of conservatism in morals.